In non-organic chemistry (that chemistry not involving carbon based molecules) there are only two basic types of chemical reactions: oxidation and reduction. An oxidation reaction removes negative charge by removing electrons. A reduction reaction adds negative charge by adding electrons. Whether a reaction is reductive or oxidative depends on one's point of view.
For example, when iron and oxygen react together iron is the reducing agent and oxygen is the oxidizing agent. So if you are studying iron the reaction is an oxidation reaction (electrons have been removed by the oxygen). If you are studying oxygen the reaction is a reduction reaction (electron have been added by the iron). In reality this is a reduction/oxidation, or redox reaction. Read more...
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